Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *ǯape

Meaning: a k. of tool

Russian meaning: вид орудия

Turkic: *jib-

Mongolian: *ǯebe, *ǯeb-seg

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯab-

Comments: Menges 1951, 109. A Western isogloss. In Turkic *jɨb- would be normally expected, but a shift ɨ > i after j- is rather common.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯap`ù

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to hold, connect

Russian meaning: держать, соединять

Turkic: *jAp-

Mongolian: *ǯaɣa-

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯapa-

Korean: *čàp-

Japanese: *dup-

Comments: Poppe 28, EAS 64, Lee 1958, 113, Menges 1984, 266.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯap`V(ĺV)

Meaning: wormwood

Russian meaning: полынь

Turkic: *jabĺan ( < *japĺan)

Mongolian: *ǯuwl-

Korean: *čjǝpɨi-

Comments: KW 480 - doubted by Doerfer in TMN 4, 223.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯắra

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: good, favourable

Russian meaning: хороший, благоприятный

Turkic: *jara-

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯari-n

Korean: *čar

Japanese: *dǝ́rǝ́-

Comments: See PKE 24. Mong. ǯaru- 'to use, employ' may represent a merger of this root with *ǯi̯óra 'send' q. v. MMong. kerek ǯaraq 'needs' - probably < Turk. (see Щербак 1997, 164). Jpn. *dǝ́rǝ́- instead of *dárǝ́- because of bad compatibility between *a and *ǝ in OJ.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯaǯa

Meaning: back, buttocks

Russian meaning: спина, ягодицы

Turkic: *jAja

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯaǯa-

Comments: Дыбо 5. A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯādV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to spread, unravel

Russian meaning: расстилать, распутывать

Turkic: *jĀd-

Mongolian: *ǯad-

Comments: A Turk.-Mong. isogloss. Cf. perhaps Man. dadara- 'to spread; yawn' (ТМС 1, 190; assimilation < *ǯadara-?).

Proto-Altaic: *ǯā́li

Meaning: to ask, invite, lend

Russian meaning: просить, приглашать, одалживать

Turkic: *jāl-

Mongolian: *ǯala-

Japanese: *(d)írá-

Comments: The root is not widely represented outside the Turko-Mongolian area (only in Japanese), but the phonetic and semantic match appears to be quite satisfactory.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯā́lV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: saliva

Russian meaning: слюна

Turkic: *jālga-

Mongolian: *ǯal-gi- / *ǯal-ka-

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯali-

Comments: A Western isogloss (but cf. perhaps also Kor. čultti 'throat'). Cf. also *tā́lV.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯā́p`V

Meaning: crack, interstice

Russian meaning: щель, промежуток

Turkic: *jāp

Mongolian: *ǯab

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯapka

Comments: ТМС 1, 251, АПиПЯЯ 293. A Western isogloss. For the semantics in Turkic cf. the TM derivatives: *ǯap-ku 'afflux, influx' (ТМС 1, 251), Man. ǯajfan 'place where rivers meet' (ТМС 1, 241); a foreign source for *jāp is, however, also not excluded.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯāǯV

Meaning: a k. of fish

Russian meaning: вид рыбы

Turkic: *jājɨn

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯaǯiki

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯebò

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: soft

Russian meaning: мягкий

Turkic: *jabaĺ

Mongolian: *ǯöɣelen

Japanese: *dapara-

Comments: A common derivative *ǯebò-ĺV is reflected in Turkic and Mongolian.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯeč`i

Meaning: enclosure, market-place

Russian meaning: огороженное место, рынок

Mongolian: *ǯüčije ( < *ǯičü-ge)

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯeče-n

Korean: *čjǝ̀čǝ́i

Japanese: *(d)ìtí

Comments: Accent correspondence between Kor. and Jpn. is irregular.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯela

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to deceive

Russian meaning: обманывать

Turkic: *jAla

Mongolian: *ǯali-

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯele- / *ǯelu-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯĕĺo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: weak, quiet

Russian meaning: слабый, тихий

Turkic: *jạĺɨ-

Mongolian: *ǯalka-

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯel-

Japanese: *dàs-

Comments: Correspondences are regular, and the etymology appears quite plausible.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯélu

Meaning: a k. of fragrant grass

Russian meaning: вид пахучей травы

Turkic: *jal-

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯel-

Japanese: *dúrí

Comments: The Turkic form can be alternatively compared with Evk. ńalikta 'багульник'.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯèmá

Meaning: a k. of weed or swamp plant

Russian meaning: вид сорняка или болотного растения

Turkic: *jam

Mongolian: *ǯamug

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯemku

Japanese: *dǝ̀mǝ́(n)kúi

Comments: Jpn. *dǝ̀mǝ́- < *dàmǝ́- because of the incompatibility of *a and *ǝ in PJ.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯére ( ~ *ǯáro, -a)

Meaning: armour, weapon

Russian meaning: панцирь, оружие

Turkic: *jar-

Mongolian: *ǯer

Japanese: *dǝ́rǝ́pí

Comments: An interesting common Altaic cultural term.

Proto-Altaic: *ǯē

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to eat

Russian meaning: есть

Turkic: *jē-

Mongolian: *ǯa- / *ǯe-

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯe-p-

Korean: *čā-

Japanese: *da-pa-

Comments: EAS 65, Poppe 27, Lee 1958, 113, АПиПЯЯ 35, 281, Дыбо 13. Mong. *ǯoɣog 'meal; pleasure' was alternatively compared (see KW 477) with PT *juba- 'to enjoy; console' (see ЭСТЯ 4, 240-241) - which is not excluded, but does not weaken the rest of the etymology. The derived form with a labial suffix must have already existed in PA (Kor. čap- = ТМ *ǯe-p- = PJ *da-pa-). The root (one of a number of common Altaic monosyllabic roots) is quite valid, despite Doerfer's (TMN 4, 193) critical attempts. .

Proto-Altaic: *ǯḗja

Meaning: sharp point, arrow

Russian meaning: острие, стрела

Turkic: *jā(j)

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯeje

Japanese: *da

Comments: Poppe 27, JOAL 86, 153, АПиПЯЯ 77. A derivative *ǯāj-nV- may be also reflected in PT *jānu- (~-a-) 'to whet, sharpen', Mong. ǯanu- id. (if not < Turk.).

Proto-Altaic: *ǯḕri

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to be annoyed, disgusted

Russian meaning: быть раздраженным, испытывать отвращение

Turkic: *jẹr-

Mongolian: *ǯirke-

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯēri-

Japanese: *(d)ira-

Comments: Phonetically the TM form is a very good match for the rest; the meaning 'boast' may be connected if we suppose a causative formation ('cause annoyance (e.g. by boasting') > 'boast'.